The East–West Foundation  ·  Slidell  ·  Miami

American Islam

A Story of Shared Destiny at 250

First edition · 2026 · Free for the semiquincentennial

Muslims have not arrived late to the American story. They have been present at its every chapter.
From the Foreword

About the book

A co-authorship already accomplished

As the United States marks two hundred and fifty years since its Declaration of Independence, this small book offers a record of what Americans of many faiths have built together — and an argument for repair.

Its claim is older than the Republic. A Moroccan sultan was the first sovereign to recognize the new nation. Enslaved African scholars who prayed in Arabic helped build the southern economies and seeded the music that became the blues. A Muslim boxer’s refusal of conscience widened the religious liberty that now shelters every American. Immigrant chemists, nurtured in American laboratories, photographed the breaking of chemical bonds and repaired the machinery of the living cell.

Running beneath that history is an older memory still: the Compact of Medina, by which the Prophet Muhammad bound Muslims, pagan Arab clans, and Jewish tribes into a single body politic while letting each keep its own faith. That covenant rhymes, across the centuries, with the Mayflower Compact, the First Amendment, and the motto a later republic would stamp upon its seal — e pluribus unum, out of many, one.

Written for the seminar table and the dinner table alike, American Islam closes with a documentary reader of primary texts — founding treaties, scripture, the Medinan covenant, and the voices of American Muslims across four centuries — each paired with questions for reflection. The future, it argues, belongs to those who can hold difference together without dissolving it: the bridge-builders. America has been making them all along.

Inside the book

Ten chapters, an epilogue, and a documentary reader

1Present at the CreationMuslims and the founding of America — Estevanico, the 1786 Moroccan treaty, and the enslaved scholars who built the South.
2What Islam Gave the BluesThe West African Muslim roots of America’s most distinctive art form, from the griot to the field holler.
3Muhammad Ali and Religious FreedomHow Clay v. United States extended the protections of conscience to Islamic belief.
4Three Nobel Prizes in ChemistryZewail, Sancar, and Bawendi — immigrant talent at the frontier of American science.
5A Culture of GenerosityAmerican Muslim philanthropy by the numbers, rooted in a fourteen-century tradition of giving.
6The Islamic Foundations of KnowledgeThe transmission of algebra, optics, medicine, and astronomy that Western science inherited.
7Shared Values and the Medinan CovenantCommerce, freedom, and the rule of law — an ancient model for American pluralism.
8Making America StrongerMuslim Americans in politics, the military, science, sport, the arts, and civic life.
9Articulating an American IslamChallenges, institutional growth, and a distinctly American Islamic intellectual tradition.
10The Future Belongs to Bridge-BuildersNot a community seeking acceptance, but one writing the next chapters of a shared story.
EpiMending a Fractured RepublicAmerican Muslims and the covenantal work of pluralism in an age of polarization.
AppA Documentary ReaderFounding documents, scripture and covenant, the voices of American Islam, and a contemporary covenant.

The documentary reader

The texts from which the story is woven

The volume closes with a reader of primary sources, each section offered with questions for discussion — for the classroom, the congregation, and the study circle. Every text can be read on its own.

Part One

Founding Documents

The Moroccan–American Treaty of Friendship, the Treaty of Tripoli, the First Amendment, and Washington’s letter to Newport.

Part Two

Scripture & Covenant

The Compact of Medina in the editor’s rendering, with Qur’anic passages on pluralism, covenant, and conscience.

Part Three

Voices of American Islam

Omar ibn Said, Malcolm X, Muhammad Ali, Keith Ellison, and W. Deen Mohammed — four centuries of witness.

Part Four

A Contemporary Covenant

The Mīthāq al-Ta‘āruf — a thirteen-article declaration on faith, covenantal pluralism, and the common good.

1527
First Muslim
on the continent
4
Centuries of
Muslim America
2026
First edition ·
semiquincentennial
Free
Open access
PDF download

The author

Iqbal Akhtar

Iqbal Akhtar holds a PhD from the University of Edinburgh and is Executive Director of The East–West Foundation. A scholar of religion and politics, he writes on covenantal pluralism — the meeting of the Hebrew brit, the Medinan mīthāq, and the Jain anekāntavāda — and on the shared life of Abrahamic communities in America.

His work argues that Islam carries indigenous resources — covenantal ethics chief among them — that do not merely accommodate American democracy but can help renew it.

The publisher

The East–West Foundation

The East–West Foundation is a 501(c)(3) educational nonprofit based in Slidell, Louisiana, and Miami, Florida, advancing interfaith covenantal pluralism through public scholarship.

This volume is part of the Foundation’s programme marking the semiquincentennial of the United States — alongside its “American Islam at 250” webinar series and its work in interfaith dialogue. It is offered free, in a spirit of remembrance and of repair.

Read it, share it, teach it

Download the book

The complete book is available free as a PDF. Use it at the seminar table or the dinner table, in the classroom, the congregation, or the quiet hour.

Cite this book — Chicago style

Akhtar, Iqbal. American Islam: A Story of Shared Destiny at 250. Slidell and Miami: The East–West Foundation, 2026. ISBN 979-8-9966626-0-9.

The East–West Foundation  ·  Slidell  ·  Miami

© 2026 The East–West Foundation. A 501(c)(3) educational organization.
Published as part of its programme marking the semiquincentennial of the United States.